[SOLVED] Utility of Polygraphs in National Security
Compose a 1500 words assignment on the utility of polygraphs in national security. Needs to be plagiarism free! Polygraphy is based on the rationale that a person resorting to deceptive behavior gets measurably stressed with the action, the stress manifesting itself as involuntary changes in physiological responses such as breathing, blood pressure, heart, and perspiration rates. But few techniques used in forensic science to date have generated as much controversy as PDD has. Experts from all fields including scientists, psychologists, psychophysiologists, medical men, and the legal fraternity have opined that polygraph tests, besides being far from completely reliable, have limited usefulness. Scientists, after many studies, have dismissed the PDD procedure as quite unscientific and extremely fallible (National Research Council, 2003). As such, absolute reliance on polygraph screening would present a danger to national security objectives. National security is too important to be left to such a blunt instrument, according to Stephen E. Fienberg, head of the panel of experts convened by the National Research Council, an arm of the National Academy of Sciences, to review the scientific evidence on the polygraph (Fienberg, 2002). Although the polygraph test is essentially a psychological test, according to psychophysiologists, Furedy, and Heslegrave (1988), it is not a standardized technique for differentiating honesty (or innocence) from guilt. A summary of scientific opinion from a recent survey concludes that most psychology experts do not consider polygraphy to be technically sound and even more believe that skilled subversives can defeat polygraph tests. (Polygraphs and Security, 1999). Nevertheless, all experts are agreed that the introduction of scientific and dependable techniques to fight the threats to national security is of great importance. No consensus exists to date on the utility of PDD Examinations in national security and polygraph testing in the realm of national security has remained one of the most hotly debated topics.Not everyone holds PDD examination in such low regard. there is widespread acceptance of the utility of PDD Examination as well. Some of its proponents argue that the polygraph has a basis in modern science because the polygraph relies on physiological responses (Cacioppo, Tassinary, and Berntson, 2007). Also, according to MacLaren, the polygraph technology used in the Department of Defense screening program appears to have considerable validity and utility The polygraph screening program has a respectable record of identifying persons with hostile or selfish intentions that are contrary to the maintenance of national security. (MacLaren, 2000, p 155). . .
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